Szukana fraza: [Abstract = "Different types of niching can be used in genetic algorithms \(GAs\) or evolutionary computations \(ECs\) to sustain thediversity of the sought optimal solutions and to increase the effectiveness of evolutionary multi\-objective optimizationsolvers. In this paper four schemes of niching are proposed, which are also considered in two versions with respect tothe method of invoking\: a continuous realization and a periodic one. The characteristics of these mechanisms are discussed,while as their performance and effectiveness are analyzed by considering exemplary multi\-objective optimization tasks bothof a synthetic and an engineering \(FDI\) design nature."]

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