Szukana fraza: [Abstract = "For that reason, different charging and discharging current profiles of batteries are investigated by numerical simulations. The estimation procedures considered in this paper are, firstly, a nonlinear Luenberger\-type state observer with an offline calculated gain scheduling approach, secondly, a continuous\-time extended Kalman filter and, thirdly, a hybrid extended Kalman filter, where the corresponding filter gains are computed online."]

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