Szukana fraza: [Abstract = "The multi\-dimensional scaling \(MDS\) problem, extensively addressed in data analysis, has been investigated in significant works \(e.g. De Leeuw, 1977\; 1988\; De Leeuw and Pruzansky, 1976\; Kruskal, 1964\; Shepard, 1974\). It consists in determination of a configuration x\* such that the matrix elements of distances between the points are required to be those of a given matrix called the proximity or dissimilarity matrix or, if this is impossible, it reduces to the nearest optimization problem in which a function \(called the loss function\) is to be minimized."]

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