Search for: [Abstract = "The oath presented by Groicki was, in its structure and meaning, a realisation of a predictive formula, which expressed a pledge to fulfil commitments made, and which has a universal characteristic both in an historical and cultural sense. Therefore, the text of a promissory oath which is always taken in a municipal court, which proceeded in accordance with the Magdeburg Law, had a standard form and was pragmatically determined as a language activity."]